Female Circumcision

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation#Sunni_view
Sunni fatwas on female circumcision

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation#Shia_view
Shia fatwas on female circumcision

http://english.bayynat.org.lb/jurisprudence/sex.htm

Moreover, Imam(a.s.) Al- Sadiq(a.s.) is reported to have said in one of his Traditions, “circumcising a boy is a part of the Sunna of the Prophet(p.), but circumcising a bondwoman is not.”

In another Tradition, Imam Al-Sadiq(a.s.) said: “Circumcising women is a noble deed but neither a part of the Sunna of the Prophet nor a must. And what is better than a noble deed?”

It is clear that circumcision represented a way for the women to gain their husbands’ respect in accordance with the social tradition of that time. This is suggested in the Prophet’s advice to UmHabib, who used to circumcise bondwomen. When the Prophet (p.) met her, he asked her ”Do you still practice the same job?” She replied, “Yes, until it becomes prohibited so that you prevent me from doing it” Then the Prophet(p.) answered, “It is lawful. Come nearer and let me teach you.” When she approached him, he said, “Um Habib, when you circumcise, don’t wear out and don’t mutilate, for this is better for the radiance of woman’s face and is more preferred by the husband”. So, this was meant by Imam Sadiq’s word about a noble deed, where the process was related to social traditions pertaining to embellishment and to liking women. But when traditions change, ruling then differs with the difference in title where a noble deed may turn to be its opposite, just like any case that changes with the change of the objective reality where rulings vary positively or negatively; God utterly knows.

http://newslinemagazine.com/magazine/the-dark-side-of-custom/
August 2011: It is also argued that female genital mutilation can be modernised and made less dangerous with the help of quality doctors and equipment. Dr Zahra Ali of the Bohra community, in which female circumcision has been carried out for generations, confirms that female genital mutilation is considered a religious obligation among her Bohra peers, while noting the increased safety of the process.


http://www.dawn.com/news/712748/female-circumcision-anger-aired-in-india-fm

23 Apr 2012: "NEW DELHI: Eleven years ago, Farida Bano was circumcised by an aunt on a bunk bed in her family home at the end of her 10th birthday party.

The mutilation occurred not in Africa, where the practice is most prevalent, but in India where a small Muslim sub-sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra continues to believe that the removal of the clitoris is the will of God.

“We claim to be modern and different from other Muslim sects. We are different but not modern,” Bano, a 21-year-old law graduate who is angry about what was done to her, told AFP in New Delhi."

http://www.hindustantimes.com/static/fgm-indias-dark-secret/index.html
https://www.facebook.com/hindustantimes/videos/10153610288433580/ 
24 Feb 2016: "#HTInvestigation | In a first for India, victims of female genital mutilation speak on camera to reveal the horror of being pinned down on the floor, underwear being stripped off, and a hot knife painfully slicing the clitoris. Watch these women put up a brave fight to #StopGenitalMutilation that is practiced in the heart of Mumbai."

http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/nov/13/female-genital-mutilation-trial-young-girl-convinced-jury-australia
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/18/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial
18 Mar 2016: A retired nurse, a mother of two girls and a Dawoodi Bohra community leader have each been sentenced to a maximum 15 months in prison after Australia’s first criminal prosecution for female genital mutilation.
.....Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, a spiritual leader in the Dawoodi Bohra community, found guilty of helping the women cover up the mutilation inflicted on the two young girls.  Dawoodi Bohra is a sect of Shia Islam found across Africa and south Asia.

http://tribune.com.pk/story/1094163/bohra-muslim-leader-speech-urging-fgm-is-huge-disappointment-for-india-campaign/  
29 Apr 2016: MUMBAI: A speech by the spiritual leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community, in which he appears to be urging followers in India to continue the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), has angered and upset campaigners trying to end the centuries-old practice.

The audio clip of Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin’s speech at a mosque in Mumbai, has been authenticated by several members of the community. According to a transcript, he said: “The act must be done. It needs to be done discreetly when it is a woman, but it needs to be done.”

http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/female-genital-mutilation-muslim-sect-leader-sent-to-jail-in-legal-uturn/news-story/ae225721093731c77a7964cb0c61d827
9 June 2016:  THE LEADER of a Muslim sect has become the first person to be jailed in Australia over female genital mutilation, a Supreme Court Justice saying a strong message had to be sent to other religious heads that the practise would not be tolerated.
.....
That home detention was delayed until Vaziri could be assessed to ensure he was a suitable candidate to serve his sentence in the community. But Justice Johnson changed his mind and jailed Vaziri following a sermon by the religious sect’s world leader in India, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, in which he appeared to tell followers they should continue the practise of FGM known as “khatna”.


http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/21/second-doctor-arrested-genital-mutilation/100741450/
21 April 2017: 

The arrests are the latest development in the nation’s first female genital mutilation case, which is providing insight into a small, insular Muslim community in Metro Detroit and an illegal procedure performed on young girls.

The complaint solves a mystery stemming from the case by pinpointing where Nagarwala allegedly mutilated two 7-year-old girls from Minnesota earlier this year. The complaint also describes a conspiracy involving at least Nagarwala, Attar and his wife — all three are members of the Dawoodi Bohra religious community based locally out of a Farmington Hills mosque.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/doctors-arrest-shocks-bohra-community/articleshow/58322860.cms 
23 April 2017:
SURAT: Surat's Dawoodi Bohra community is shocked over the arrest of Dr Fakhruddin Attar, 53, and his wife Farida Attar, 50, in Detroit, US, on Friday morning. Accused of conspiracy to commit female genital mutilation (FGM) as well as aiding and abetting female genital mutilation, they were charged in connection with the case involving Dr Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Henry Ford Hospital, who was arrested a week ago for performing FMG, which is illegal under the US federal law.


http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/02/mosque-leader-took-way-flight-india-amid-fbi-probe/101181370/ 
2 May 2017:

A leader of the Muslim sect embroiled in an alleged female genital mutilation conspiracy boarded a one-way flight to India on April 10, the same day FBI agents raided a medical clinic where a doctor allegedly cut 7-year-old girls, The Detroit News has learned.

The flight is the latest development in a case that has led to criminal charges against one leader of the local Dawoodi Bohra community based out of a Farmington Hills mosque. Three members of the mosque have been charged in federal court with female genital mutilation and prosecutors say they belong to a religious and cultural community that practices the illegal procedure.

Two sources identified the leader as former mosque President Saifuddin Bhabrawala, whose three-year term ended before he flew from Detroit Metropolitan Airport on April 10, the day the genital mutilation scandal emerged publicly. He was detained by federal agents in conjunction with the female genital mutilation investigation and they searched his electronic devices before Bhabrawala flew to India, one source familiar with the man’s trip told The News.

http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/09/14/f-2-minnesota-moms-indicted-genital-cutting-case-they-gave-doctor-their-blessings-cut-their-daughter/667482001/ 
14 Sep 2017: 2 #Dawoodi #Bohra moms charged in genital cutting case; gave doctor their blessings to cut daughters



http://www.stopfgmmideast.org/the-point-of-view-of-the-supreme-leader-of-the-islamic-republic-of-iran-on-female-genital-mutilation/ 

On his website, the Supreme Leader of the IRI, Ayatollah Khamenei presented a sentence on circumcision for both gender, female and male.

According to this sentence (Fatwa), female circumcision is not obligatory.

In response to a question of the author of the book Razor and Tradition, which disucsses Female Genital Muttilation, he noted that female circumcision is permissible but not obligatory (2011):

....

The question is asked to Ayatollah Khamenei:

What is the wife`s duty to her husband`s request to circumcise herself?

The answer is:

“Although implementation of husband’s order is obligatory for the wife if it does not have disadvantages or it is not harmful for the wife, she has to listen to her husband’s request.”

http://www.stopfgmmideast.org/iraqi-grand-ayatollah-al-sistani-issues-fatwa-against-fgm/ 

Gand Ayatollah Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani, the highest-ranking Shia (Marja’) in Iraq and the leader of the Hawza of Najaf said then: “Female Genital Cutting is not Haram” (Haram is used to refer to any act that is forbidden by Allah).

...

Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?

Answer: If the purpose of female genital crcumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. If the girl is hurt, it isprohibited. Female genital (sexual) mutilation or cutting off a part of her genital is certainly a crime against girls and there is no permission and justification for parents to do this operation.